Introduction

Statistics is the Science that collects data, describes them in a useful and simple way (Descriptive Statistics), analyzes them and interpretes those data with the help of the Probability Theory (Inferential Statistics).

Modern Statistics is the blending of two disciplines that developed independently until they unified in the 19th century:

- Probability, which was born in the 17th century, as the mathematical theory for chance games (dice, lottery,…)

- Statistics (or State Science), which studied the description of data and it is very old (In China, about 2000 BC, there was the first known population census)